Feeding horses for weight gain requires a delicate balance, a comprehensive understanding of equine nutrition, and a keen observation of the horse’s health and behavior. You also need the assistance of your veterinarian and possibly an equine nutritionist, especially if you are refeeding a very thin horse.

Weight loss in horses can be due to various reasons, such as illness, dental issues, social dynamics, and environmental conditions. It is important for horse owners to recognize these signs early and address them effectively to prevent further complications. 

Illnesses and chronic infections, including large parasite loads, can hinder a horse’s ability to extract nutrients from its food. That can lead to weight loss. Similarly, dental problems can affect a horse’s ability to masticate (chew) feed.  

Social dynamics within a herd can also lead to weight loss. Low-ranking horses might be chased away from feed.

Using separate feeding areas or distributing hay to multiple feeders might help to ensure that all horses have access to enough feedstuffs. Providing free access to clean water of a suitable temperature is critical to equine health

Providing shelter and blankets (when needed) can help horses maintain a healthy weight, especially those animals with underlying issues. 

Forage First for Horses’ Weight Gain

The cornerstone of equine nutrition is forage. Ideally, a horse should consume at least 1.5% of its bodyweight in dry matter of forage daily. So, the first step is always to ensure they are being given  enough forage and they are eating it! Increasing the amount and nutrient quality of forage can often aid in weight gain.

Increasing the amount and quality of forage can aid in weight gain. Like with any feed, you need to change hay slowly over time.

High-quality hay, alfalfa, or soaked beet pulp can provide additional calories and nutrients. Always check with your veterinarian or equine nutritionist as some of these forages are not appropriate for horses with specific illnesses or conditions. 

In addition to considering the amount and type of forage you are providing, unless contraindicated by your veterinarian, adding fats to the horse’s diet might be a good way to increase your horse’s energy intake. Fresh, non-rancid vegetable oil or rice bran can be used. Or you can use appropriate high-fat complimentary feeds. However, it is crucial to introduce all of these gradually and monitor for any potential digestive issues.

Commercial concentrates formulated for complete (including forage) and balanced nutrition can also contribute to weight gain. However, these should be introduced slowly and in accordance with feeding instructions to avoid digestive upset and altering the horse’s GI tract microbiome. 

Final Words

Feeding a horse for weight gain requires understanding the causes of weight loss. Then you must address any underlying issues and gradually increase calorie intake through carefully selected forages, fats, and concentrates. Consult with an equine nutritionist to create a tailored feeding plan for your horse. 

Further Reading